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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease
Published by Universitas Airlangga
ISSN : 20851103     EISSN : 23560991     DOI : -
Core Subject : Health, Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences Health Professions Medicine & Pharmacology Public Health
This journal is a peer-reviewed journal established to promote the recognition of emerging and reemerging diseases specifically in Indonesia, South East Asia, other tropical countries and around the world, and to improve the understanding of factors involved in disease emergence, prevention, and elimination. The journal is intended for scientists, clinicians, and professionals in infectious diseases and related sciences. We welcome contributions from infectious disease specialists in academia, industry, clinical practice, public health, and pharmacy, as well as from specialists in economics, social sciences and other disciplines.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 8 Documents
 1 
Search results for , issue "Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)" : 8 Documents clear
Antibacterial Activity of Ethanol Extract of Kemuning (Murraya Paniculata) Against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL by In Vitro Test Illona Okvita Wiyogo; Pepy Dwi Endraswari; Yuani Setiawati
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.9328

Abstract

Klebsiella pneumoniae Extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL) was one of the microorganism that cause nosocomial infection which resistant to beta-lactams antibiotics. Orange Jessamine (Murraya paniculata) was traditional medicine which believed has antibacterial components, such as: fl avonoids, alkaloids, essential oils, coumarins, terpenoids, tannins, and saponins. In the previous studies, there was antibacterial activity in ethanolic extract of Murraya paniculata againsts E.coli, K.pneumoniae, S.typhi, E.faecalis, P.aeruginosa, S.fl exneri, S.aureus, and S.sonneii with concentration 200 mg/ mL. There has not experiment about ethanolic extract of Murraya paniculata against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL yet. The aim of this study was to fi nd out the in vitro antibacterial activity of ethanol extracts of Murraya Paniculata against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL Broth dilution method with concentration 200 mg/mL, 100 mg/mL, 50 mg/mL, 25 mg/mL, 12,5 mg/mL, 6,25 mg/mL, and 3,125 mg/mL were used for the determination of the Minimal Inhibitory Concentration (MIC). While the Minimal Bacterial Concentration (MBC) was assessed using streaking method in Nutrient Agar Plate. The highest concentration in this study was obtained from 100 g of Murraya paniculata leaves dissolved in 500 mL of 40% ethanol. The study was carried out 4 times replication. At the time of the sterility test extract, germ growth appeared on Nutrient Agar Plate media, so the extract was fi ltered before being used for research. After incubation at 37 °C for 24 hours, growth of bacterial colonies on all agar plates was observed. The concentration of the ethanol extract of Murraya Paniculata (200 mg/mL) did not inhibit the growth of Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL. The ethanol extracts of Murraya paniculata in concentration 200 mg/mL had no antibacterial activity against Klebsiella pneumoniae ESBL.
COVID-19 and Endothelial Dysfunction: Biomarkers and Potential Drug Mechanisms Andrianto Andrianto; Ronaldi Rizkiawan; Primasitha Maharany Harsoyo
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.25489

Abstract

Since the fi rst report of pneumonia outbreak in Wuhan by the end of 2019, Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global pandemic; causing millions of deaths globally and aff ecting the rest of worldwide population. The disease is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), which enters hosts by inhabiting Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme-2 (ACE-2) receptors expressed in the endothelium layer of not only the respiratory tracts, but also various organs in the body. COVID-19 has been reported to trigger multiple cardiovascular manifestations. Since endothelial dysfunction plays an important role in cardiovascular events and the endothelium is heavily involved in COVID-19 pathophysiology, it is important to investigate their associations and previously established drug potencies to improve endothelial functions as possible treatment options for COVID-19. In this review, we summarize endothelial dysfunction biomarkers involved in COVID-19 and drugs that have shown potential endothelial protective properties to better understand the incidence of endothelial dysfunction in COVID-19 and its future treatment. We searched in PubMed, Wiley Online Library, EBSCO, ScienceDirect databases for literatures containing following keywords: “Endothelial dysfunction”, “COVID-19”, and “biomarkers”. Eligible publications were then assessed and studied to comprise our literature review. A total of 96 studies matched our criteria and provided scientifi c evidences for our review. Materials were then compiled into a review summarizing endothelial biomarkers involved in COVID-19 and potentially repurposed drugs targeting endothelium for COVID-19.Various endothelial dysfunction biomarkers were found to be elevated in COVID19 and is found to be related to its severity, such as adhesion molecules, selectins, PAI-1, and von Willebrand Factors. Multiple drugs targeting the endothelium are also potential and some are under investigation for COVID-19.
Soil-Transmitted Helminthes Infection and Nutritional Status of Elementary School Children in Sorong District, West Papua, Indonesia Zukhaila Salma; Fitriah Fitriah; Raden Bagus Yanuar Renaldy; Lynda Rossyanti; IWayan Sarjana; Soraya Salle Pasulu; Budiono Budiono; I Gusti Made Reza Gunadi Ranu; Dominicus Husada; Sukmawati Basuki
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.24202

Abstract

It is known that soil-transmitted helminths (STHs) infection in children associates with growth and developed restriction in children, which is shown by nutritional status. However, the studies which are investigating this phenomenon is still limited in Indonesia. This recent study aimed to compare students who infected and non-infected with STH towards their nutritional status. An analytic cross-sectional research design was conducted in two elementary school students at Mayamuk sub-district, Sorong district, in January 2020. STHs infection was identifi ed by lugol stained wet mount smear from their stool under a light microscope. Children nutritional status was determined by body mass index based on age. A total of 164 children (67.5%, 164/243) were voluntary to participate by informed consent and eligible. Twenty-seven children (16.5%, 27/164) were infected with one or more STH species of Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworm, and Strongyloides stercoralis. T. trichiura (81.5%, 22/27) was the most common species found, either in single or mixed infection. Children nutritional status was observed as thinness, normal, overweight, and obese, that was 6.1% (10/164), 75% (123/164), 6.7% (11/164), and 12.2 % (20/164) respectively. STHs infection occurred in children with nutritional status of thinness 3.7% (1/27), normal 74.1% (20/27), overweight 3.7% (1/27), and obese 18.5% (5/27). There was no signifi cant diff erence between STHs infected children and non-infected children on their nutritional status (p=0.616, ChiSquare test). Thus, it indicated that STHs infection was not only the factor to induce the impairment of nutritional status in children at Mayamuk sub-district. It needs further investigation to clarify the factors which are leading to the thinness, overweight, and obese in Mayamuk children.
Antimicrobial Activities of Laurus nobilis Leaves Ethanol Extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonellae typhi, and Escherichia coli. khawla Abdullah Sakran; Dadik Raharjo; Ni Made Mertaniasih
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.22873

Abstract

Laurus nobilis is one of the most well-known, most frequently used plants is from Lauraceae family which contains up 2.500 species that grow in the subtropics and tropics of the Mediterranean region and Indonesia. This study was supposed to investigate the antimicrobial eff ect of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract on Staphylococcus aureus, Salmonellae typhi, and Escherichia coli. This preliminary study examined the antimicrobial eff ect of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract. The method used Agar-well diff usion for determination of the zone of inhibition and the minimum bactericidal concentration to investigate the activity of L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract at 100% concentration . The results revealed that extract of L. nobilis leaves had the antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus with a zone of inhibition (16.3 ±1.5 mm), Staphylococcus aureus with (14.5±0.5 mm), and weak antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (11.3±1.1mm). Also, through the minimum bactericidal concentration experiment, the L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract had activity on Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonellae typhi, it’s killed the bacteria in all concentration start it from 5×107 to 5×104. But the activity on Escherichia coli just weaken concentration 5×107 and 106. This research has concluded that the L.nobilis leaves ethanol extract exhibited a signifi cant antimicrobial eff ect against Staphylococcus aureus and Salmonellae typhi then Escherichia coli that is considered a kind of multidrug-resistant bacteria.
Histoplasmosis: diagnostic and therapeutic aspect Meiliyana Wijaya; Robiatul Adawiyah; Retno Wahyuningsih
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.25448

Abstract

Histoplasmosis has been reported since 1932 in various regions in Indonesia. This disease is caused by thermally dimorphic fungus Histoplasma capsulatum var. capsulatum which is experiencing an increasing incidence worldwide. Human infection occurs when spores in soil contaminated with bird and bat droppings are inhaled and change to form yeast in the lungs. The majority of these forms of infection are mild and can heal on their own, but if large numbers of spores/ inoculum are inhaled, or the host is immunosuppressed, serious lung disease and even dissemination may occur with a high mortality rate. The diagnosis can be made by combining clinical symptoms with laboratory test results. Conventional laboratory methods such as direct examination or histopathology and culture are the gold standards for histoplasmosis diagnosis. The weakness of culture is the nature of H. capsulatum as a slow grower fungus that takes 4-6 weeks to grow. In addition, laboratory tests can be carried out with antibody detection or antigen detection. Antigen detection is more benefi cial for hosts with immunosuppression or acute form, while antibody detection is more important in the chronic form of the diseases. Molecular-based assays have high specifi city but are not yet available commercially and are more widely used for culture identifi cation to confi rm the species of H. capsulatum. Histoplasmosis therapy usually begins with the administration of amphotericin B for around two weeks, followed by maintenance with itraconazole for 6 - 9 months duration. A careful history of possible exposure and the appropriate laboratory diagnostic approach is essential to provide appropriate therapy.
Increased Interleukin-6 as Infl ammatory Response and Magnesium Defi ciency in Pre-dialysis Chronic Kidney Disease of Indonesian Children Astrid Kristina Kardani; Ninik Asmaningsih Soemyarso; Jusli Aras Aras; Risky Vitria Prasetyo; Mohammad Sjaifullah Noer
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.21479

Abstract

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a serious health problem in children, with increasing morbidity and mortality rates throughout the world. Children with CKD tend to experience magnesium (Mg) defi ciency that can stimulate an infl ammatory response in the body. One of the infl ammatory responses is an increase of Interleukin-6 (IL-6).  Study to analyze the correlation between Mg and IL-6 in pre-dialysis CKD children. The methods a cross sectional study was conducted in Dr Soetomo General Academic Hospital from November 2018 to April 2019. Children with pre-dialyis CKD were included in this study. Variables of serum Mg level (mg/dL) and infl ammatory marker (IL-6) were measured from the blood and analyzed by ELISA method. The correlation between Mg and IL-6 was analyzed with Spearman’s correlation test with p <0.05.  Result a total of 47 children (27 boys vs 20 girls) between 3 months to 18 years old, with pre-dialysis CKD and no history of magnesium supplementation were included. The primary disease that causes of CKD were lupus nephritis (38.3%), nephrotic syndrome (23.4%), urologic disorder (23.4%),  tubulopathy (10.6%) and others (4.3%). The average IL-6 level was 55.42±43.04 pg/dL and Mg level was 2.06±1.54 mg/dL. There were no signifi cant correlation between IL-6 level and Mg level with staging of CKD and duration of illness (p>0.05), but there was a signifi cant correlation between serum Mg level and IL-6 level (r=-0.748; p<0.001). Magnesium levels have a signifi cant inverse correlation with IL-6 levels in pre-dialysis CKD children. The lower the Mg levels in the blood, the higher IL-6 levels and vice versa. 
Manifestations of Acute Pancreatitis in Severe COVID-19 Patients: Is This a Coincidence? Pradana Zaky Romadhon; Satriyo Dwi Suryantoro; Choirina Windradi; Bagus Aulia Mahdi; Esthiningrum Dewi Agustin; Krisnina Nurul W; Dwiki Novendrianto
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.26472

Abstract

Coronavirus Disease-19 (COVID-19) adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh Severe Acute Acute Respiratory Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV2) yang berasal dari China, menyebar dengan cepat ke seluruh bagian negara lain yang menyebabkan pandemi dunia. Dengan derajat gejala yang bervariasi yang disebabkan oleh COVID-19, virus ini menyebabkan kerusakan pada beberapa organ, baik karena efek infl amasi tidak langsung maupun efek sitopatik. Data terkait keterlibatan pankreas dalam kasus COVID-19 masih belum jelas. Seorang laki-laki usia 83 tahun dirawat karena gejala COVID-19 berat. Dalam perawatan, pasien memberikan gejala dan tanda pankreatitis akut tanpa diketahui faktor resiko yang terkait. Pada pemeriksaan didapatkan RT-PCR SARS-CoV2 positif dari swab nasofaring, amilase lipase yang meningkat serta gambaran ultrasound khas untuk pankreatitis akut. Tatalaksana pasien tetap berdasar pada kasus SARS-CoV2 dengan isolasi, oksigenasi, pemberian anti virus dan suportif. Pemberian antibiotik juga didasarkan pada terapi empiris yang kemudian disesuaikan hasil sensitifi tas kultur. Skor prognosis pankreatitis menunjukkan risiko kematian pada kasus moderate. Pada perjalanan, pasien meninggal karena shock sepsis. Prevalensi pankreatitis akut dan tingkat keparahannya perlu diamati. Dalam artikel ini, kami menyajikan kasus pankreatitis akut yang terjadi pada COVID-19 parah dengan faktor risiko yang tidak diketahui.Diagnosis penyebab kasus pankreatitis masih belum jelas tetapi beberapa bukti autopsi kasus infeksi SARS-CoV2 dengan pankreatitis menyebutkan bahwa infeksi virus ini dapat menyebabkan injuri pada pankreas.. Kondisi sepsis dapat diakibatkan infeksi virus SARS-CoV2 (viral sepsis) atau ko-infeksi bakteri. Oleh karena itu, rasionalisasi penggunaan antibiotik juga diperlukan. Kasus ini merupakan kasus yang membutuhkan managemen holisitik dan intensif karena kedua kondisi berpotensi dapat memperberat satu sama lain. Pengenalan awal kegawatan serta terapi tepat merupakan hal yang penting dapat menunjang kesintasan pasien.
The ‘black fungus’ Co-Infection in COVID-19 Patients : A Review Jessica Novia Hadiyanto; Friska Wilda; Alius Cahyadi; Marcella Adisuhanto
Indonesian Journal of Tropical and Infectious Disease Vol. 9 No. 2 (2021)
Publisher : Institute of Topical Disease Universitas Airlangga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20473/ijtid.v9i2.27450

Abstract

Mucormycosis is one type of fungal disease, associated with a poor prognosis if not promptly diagnosed and managed because its highly aggressive tendency. Although it is a rare disease, a rapid increase in cases of mucormycosis associated with COVID-19 is being reported. Mostly, risk factors for this disease are uncontrolled diabetes mellitus, other immunosuppressive conditions and corticosteroid therapy. Immune dysfunction, lung pathology and corticosteroid therapy in COVID-19 patients making it more susceptible to develop fungal infection including mucormycosis. The combination of steroid therapy and underlying diabetes mellitus in COVID-19 also can augment immunosuppression and hyperglycemia. Control of hyperglycemia, early treatment with liposomal amphotericin B, and surgery are three important factors in mucormycosis therapy that essential for successful management. However, in this COVID-19 pandemic situation, that management strategies are compromised. First, hyperglicemia can be aggravated by glucocorticoid, therapy that used widely for COVID-19 especially in severe case. Second, patients with ARDS and multiorgan dysfunction can prevent timely diagnostic for imaging and other testing, so appropriate therapy that should be given will be delayed. Last, the essential service in hospital such surgery in this pandemic era reduced signifi cantly to prevent the spread of COVID-19. This review was created with the aim mucormycosis co-infection can be considered in patients with COVID-19, especially with known risk factor. Prompt and rapid diagnosis are important for eff ective therapy and decreasing case fatality rate. The use of steroid in mild cases, utilization of higher doses of steroid and drugs that targeting immune pathway should be avoided. 

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